Free Essays on Being Honor Bred

Being Honor Bred In the short story â€Å"Being Honor Bred† by Dominick Yezzo, the creators shows how we as people experience various stages in settling on our choices. These stages are known as the Kohlberg’s moral dynamic stages. First the story starts with him being at the bar and seeing that Mom-San was excellent yet she had a spouse and he regarded that. Here we see Stage One Obedience and Punishment Social Orientation. He was being faithful by regarding Mom-Sam and her better half in such a case that he didn't then his discipline would get beat up by her significant other. At that point as he enters the other bar he sees this whore and goes into a room behind a bar to have intercourse, despite the fact that he portrays her like an ugly woman. Here his choice depends in front of an audience two Individualism, instrumentalism, and trade. He is trading delight for cash. Despite the fact that she said just five dollars he chooses to give him all that he had in his pocket. He does this since he feels that she is just doing this to bring in cash to endure so to show regard for her he gives her more cash then she inquired. Later on he goes into stage five implicit agreement. He goes into this phase when he under stands that he may pass on. He begins appealing to god and makes an agreement with him that in the event that he ensures him and doesn’t let him pass on, at that point he won't submit further sins. â€Å"O my god I am heartly upset for having annoyed thee-and I loathe the entirety of my wrongdoings as a result of thy just discipline yet above all else in light of the fact that I affront thee my god†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here we see him saying that god is rebuffing him for all the transgressions he has done. His ethical thinking is in stage one, the compliance and discipline social direction. When Bred was assume to shot the Vietnamese kid he doesn’t on the grounds that he understands that he is only a kid like him. He understands that executing is a wrongdoing and that he ought not do it. This is stage five implicit understanding social direction. â€Å"The ex... Free Essays on Being Honor Bred Free Essays on Being Honor Bred Being Honor Bred In the short story â€Å"Being Honor Bred† by Dominick Yezzo, the creators represents how we as people experience various stages in settling on our choices. These stages are known as the Kohlberg’s moral dynamic stages. First the story starts with him being at the bar and seeing that Mom-San was wonderful yet she had a spouse and he regarded that. Here we see Stage One Obedience and Punishment Social Orientation. He was being loyal by regarding Mom-Sam and her better half in such a case that he didn't then his discipline would get beat up by her significant other. At that point as he enters the other bar he sees this whore and goes into a room behind a bar to have intercourse, despite the fact that he depicts her like an ugly woman. Here his choice depends in front of an audience two Individualism, instrumentalism, and trade. He is trading joy for cash. Despite the fact that she said just five dollars he chooses to give him all that he had in his pocket. He does this since he feels that she is just doing this to bring in cash to endure so to show regard for her he gives her more cash then she inquired. Later on he goes into stage five implicit agreement. He goes into this phase when he understands t hat he may bite the dust. He begins petitioning god and makes an agreement with him that in the event that he secures him and doesn’t let him bite the dust, at that point he won't submit additional wrongdoings. â€Å"O my god I am heartly upset for having insulted thee-and I despise the entirety of my wrongdoings in view of thy just discipline however above all else in light of the fact that I affront thee my god†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here we see him saying that god is rebuffing him for all the transgressions he has done. His ethical thinking is in stage one, the compliance and discipline social direction. When Bred was assume to shot the Vietnamese kid he doesn’t in light of the fact that he understands that he is only a kid like him. He understands that executing is a wrongdoing and that he ought not do it. This is stage five implicit understanding social direction. â€Å"The ex...

As You Like It Act Two Scene 1

Q. Remark on Act 2, Scene 1. Ans: this entry is a concentrate from Shakespeare play â€Å"as you like it† and this scene happens in the Forest of Arden. The scene starts with the passage of the banished duke and master Amiens who are dressed foresters. The adjustment in attire quickly motions toward the crowd an adjustment in condition and is likewise an immediate difference to the past demonstration where everybody is dressed as squires. The duke starts to discuss peaceful life which is a significant topic in the play.He depicts the upsides of woodland life to be far more prominent at that point court life and the crowd gets the inclination that life is unquestionably progressively agreeable and loose in the nation rather than the occupied, exciting life they drove in the court. The duke says ‘hath not old specially designed this life all the more sweet. ’ But in spite of the romanticized idea of the duke’s portrayal of backwoods life, it likewise has sens ible references, for example, the ‘winter wind’ and the ‘poisonous toad’.This entry additionally gives an understanding into the duke’s character. The duke can take a gander at the advantages of woodland life in the wake of having lived in court and having been so shamefully banished from it. This shows extraordinary persistence, insight, and flexibility on his part. His affectability towards people around him is featured when he says it upsets him that they chase venison it its own territory. The principal master at that point proceeds to present Jacques in spite of his nonattendance on stage.He reviews Jacques’s misrepresented and emotional reaction to the perishing deer and how he starts to lecture the relinquishment of the deer by its group. This over-emotional nature of peaceful life is utilized as entertainment to adjust the dramatization that occurred in court life, and to a degree its blamelessness which is appeared by the way that the incredible catastrophes occurring in the timberland is biting the dust venison. This thusly features the more detestable and grievous nature of court life where you have plotting and dangerous brothers.On a bigger scope, this scene likewise presents a complexity between the two sibling duke Frederick, and duke senior. In act 1 duke Frederick is appeared as a self-included, neurotic, and force fixated character who does not have the liberality, pardoning, and insight that his senior sibling, duke senior have. This scene when all is said in done gives a knowledge into duke senior’s character and presents a complexity among peaceful and court life while giving the crowd a break from the courts indecencies.

Cultural Safety of The Nurses Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theCultural Safety of The Nurses Practices. Answer: Fearlessness as the way of life Fearlessness or confidence will be identified with the social wellbeing of the medical caretakers rehearses. It will furnish the medical caretakers with social affectability. It will likewise forestall the negative recognitions and will empower them to take part in experienced assistance Intelligent practice by utilizing Gibbs intelligent model This model will accordingly bolster the medical caretakers to work with self-assurance in the general condition. This will be basic to build up the social act of the fearlessness among the medical caretakers. Depiction Self-assurance as a culture will shape the territory of thenursing calling among the medical caretakers. It will permit the attendants to put them predominant in their undertakings, see the world in a loyal way. The medical caretakers ought to have the trust on their own capacities and characteristics and play out any undertaking without any problem. The nature of self personality will empower to play out their obligations in socially able way. The individual culture of fearlessness will help in their expert practice. Emotions Since the personality goes about as the social acknowledgment, there ought not be any contrary acknowledgment of the self character viewpoint. The self-assurance implies a ton to the medical attendants. This is on the grounds that it will give a sentiment of individual fulfillment and will likewise help the patients by giving them best quality administrations. The administrations are to be given regardless of the individual sex, occupation, financial status, ethnic foundations, relocation. Assessment Assessment of fearlessness indicated that this code of callings rehearsed by the medical attendants is extremely useful. The medical attendants must utilize this self personality in their training since it will assist them with managing any basic circumstance in regards to the distinctions in societies. The medical attendants must be prepared and assessed to see that their self-assurance is available. So as to accomplish fearlessness the attendants must set their objectives and be roused. Fearlessness in any work will assist with satisfying the standards of the social security in wide range. Investigation Thenursing and maternity care committee code of expert direct expresses that self-assurance will n be helpful to give the best quality administrations to the patient in any condition. This is additionally fundamental in advancement of the learning among the medical attendants. This will assist with perceiving the distinctions and similarly acknowledge the assorted variety in human conduct and social structure. End Fearlessness as a part of self personality will be useful for the medical caretakers to regard all the conduct of the various individuals. This will assist with settling compelling and evenhanded help. Activity plan Social wellbeing learning will remember the result of the fearlessness for the nursing practice. They should guarantee and show the adaptability in the relationship with individuals who are not quite the same as themselves. Self-assurance and confidence will likewise give energy in the social capability in human services. As a wavetool As a wavetool, I will remain in the situation to be able enough to give great human services to all the socially various individuals in special manners. With confidence and certainty I may initiate the equivalent to others. This will be a method for demonstrating admiration to all the individuals with various social foundations. This has assisted with changing a great deal from the past circumstance. Social character likewise is a piece of individual personality. Subsequently adjustment of the individual characteristics will assist them with paying appreciation to others convictions (Potter et al, 2016). The new data that I can look for is to know all the social depiction of the patient that will be dealt with. This should be possible by conveying them if conceivable. From the start, there could be a test while managing contrasts in estimations of others. The individual confidence can impact them and cause them to comprehend a treatment strategy. Now and again the treatment technique s can hurt others thought and that can be expelled without anyone else character. In this part the perusing from the Cultural security in Aotearoa that has helped me to comprehend the ideas of social wellbeing (Banks, Kelly, 2015). References Banks, L., Kelly, M. (2015). Social wellbeing and theNursing Council of New Zealand.Cultural Safety in Aotearoa New Zealand, 26. Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P., Hall, A. (2016).Fundamentals of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Surfactant Protein B Deficency - Free Essay Example

Abstract Surfactant Protein B is critically responsible for the functioning of healthy lungs. In the absence of Surfactant Protein B adverse lung condition such as acute respiratory distress syndrome arise in infants victims. Due to this, SP-Bs condition has drawn the attention of medical researches. Physiological ailments such as lung failure, molecular defects and cellular deficiencies in infants are associated with opportunistic to Surfactant Protein B syndrome. This relation and linkage stirs up the development of various treatment strategies of neonatal respiratory diseases. Surfactant Protein B syndrome was first identified as the main cause of congenital alveolar proteinosis, a condition where two infants from the same mother exhibit distinct histopathologic physical appearance, since their alveoli contain lipid rich acid Schiff-positive and granular proteinaceous material. Infants suffering from Surfactant Protein B syndrome exhibit foamy alveolar macrophages and desquamated alveolar epithelial cells. Acquired Sporadic and congenital alveolar proteinosis are the main clinical forms of alveolar proteinosis associated with infants. Since SP- B syndrome has become rampant and established in infants with respiratory distress, this paper evaluates the causative agents and impl ications of SP-B giving various recommendations for the use of Surfactant therapy in diverse clinical situations. This includes subjecting newborns to prophylactic natural surfactant therapy immediately after incubation. By so doing, paper primarily relates Surfactant Protein B syndrome to the clinical setting while exploring the implications for the neonatal nurse practitioner. Definition of the Disease, Incidence SP- B Deficiency is an inherited illness by newborn babies leading to severe respiratory failure in the early stages of life and is resistant to surfactant therapy, mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Genetic examination of infants suffering from Surfactant Protein B Deficiency shows identical mutation in surfactant protein gene gotten in many unrelated kindred. This interrupts the functioning and composition of pulmonary surfactant. Reported incidence of approximately 0.8 infants out of 1000 obtained from Missouri Department of Health Newborn Screening Program indicates that Surfactant Protein B syndrome is a major factor in causing pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome (Refere and Wilmott, 2012). The inability of young infants to produce surfactant and the structural immaturity of their lungs increases with the increase in gestation period. This indicates that out of 1000 babies, about 25% of them are caught with SP-B syndrome at 34th week add ing up to 80% babies affected in a period of less than 54th week (Kendig and Wilmott, 2012). The 121ins2 mutation never showed in South African or Korean cohorts instead, there was similar correlation and frequency in Norwegian and Missouri cohorts. This indicated 173 incidences of infants suffering from Surfactant Protein B syndrome out of every 4000 samples of infants from Missouri cohort that were screened (Refere and Wilmott, 2012). In the incidence describing two siblings with the condition of histopathologic due to congenital alveolar proteinases, examined lung tissues reveals the absence in one of the making blocks of surfactant protein called SP-B protein . This suggests that the incident of Surfactant Protein B syndrome causes respiratory failure in children possessing congenital alveolar proteinosis, which is an inherited deficiency version of SP-B through pretranslational process. The two siblings had a condition called congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and in particular, deficiency of Surfactant Protein B. These SP-B disease incidences support the hypothesis attributing inherited SB-P syndrome as being the cause of respiratory diseases in babies bellow the age of one year. Some evidence portrays a combination of synthetic SP-B peptide and surfactant phospholipids displaying physical characteristic similar to the ones exhibited by native surfactant (Refere and Wilmott, 2012). Disease Etiology and Pathogenesis Surfactant Protein B syndrome is caused by inherited mutation in the form of surfactant protein B gene on chromosome 2.This leads to complete or in some cases partial absence of Surfactant Protein B, a condition referred to as autosomal recessive condition. Children exhibiting respiratory distress immediately after birth despite assisted ventilation need to be screened for Surfactant Protein B syndrome. Also diagnosis of both the child and parent for genetic mutation possibilities is necessary. SP-B deficiency is associated to poor prognosis and therefore infants with this disorder barely survive beyond the first few months after birth unless they are subjected to processes of lung transplantation (Popper, 2017). The occurrence of surfactant dysfunction due to inherited mutation causes deaths to over 1 million infantsworld over (Gleason, Devaskar and Avery, 2012). Surfactant Protein B syndrome have different inheritance patterns that depend on diverse genetic cause. SP-B is caused by mutation process in SFTPG gene, which is an instruction responsible for making Surfactant Protein B from a distinct gene. This causes abnormality in the composition of phospholipids and proteins responsible for normal breathing. Without normal surfactant B protein, the various tissues and cells surrounding the air sacs of the lungs bond together during the periods of exhalation due to surface tension. This eventually causes the alveoli to collapse and eventually causes Surfactant Protein B syndrome. The presence of surfactant in the system of infants, aids in lowering surface tension responsible for easy breathing and avoiding lung collapse. Corrupted composition of Surfactant Protein B causes the surface tension that lowers properties of surfactant around the lung tissue. In addition, Surfactant Protein B syndrome is caused in circumstances where SP-B fails to form lamella bodies, which are responsible for packing the phospholipids and proteins making up surfactant around the lungs cells of the infants. This prevents the vital processes that surfactant protein must undergo to mature up and become functional. In addition, Surfactant Protein B syndrome is caused through malfunctioning of ABCA3 genes, which are responsible for the production of proteins, involved in the synthesis of surfactant. Without production od surfactant in the infants, the tissues that surrounds the air sacs of the lung will clump together after exhalation due to surface tension force, resulting in difficulty during breathing and collapse of alveoli as a result of Surfactant Protein B syndrome (Cremona et al, 2010). This causes infants to develop difficulties in filling the lungs with air and eventually impairs the delivery of oxygen to the body. The ABCA3 is also responsible for packing and transporting phospholipids and proteins around alveoli where through molecular interaction Surfactant Protein B is formed. An impaired ABCA3 protein retards the formation of lamellar bodies which are responsible for the processing of surfactant B protein hence causing the condition of Surfactant Protein B syndrome. This will caus e infants to have respiratory difficulties since there is premature formation of Surfactant Protein responsible for effective functioning of the lungs. Pulmonary surfactant is composed of lipids and protein compounds which in the long run reduce the surface tension between the regions holding air and liquids in the lungs of infants. Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is the fundamental cause of respiratory disorder in babies bellow one year old. Various specific proteins identified to be associated with surfactant function include glycoprotein responsible for surfactant metabolism and host defense (SP-C) and hydrophobic proteins which contain low molecular mass to facilitate the adsorption rate of surfactant phospholipids into air-liquid interphase (Broaddus et al 2015). Surfactant Protein B is responsible for positive metabolism and functioning of body systems .However, inherited Surfactant Protein B syndrome in infants causes respiratory diseases. Phenotype and Natural History The phenotypic unpredictability of Surfactant Protein B syndrome is attributed to inherited surfactant protein deficiency which is an often cause of respiratory failure in children bellow the age of one year. This is due to phenotypic mutation of frameshift phenotype in families with either two or three of total siblings exhibiting Surfactant Protein B syndrome. Infants with abundant SP-B suggest phenotypic heterogeneity in CAP (Cottin, Cordier and Richeldi, 2015). Lung ultrastructural defects including reduced number of lamellar bodies, low secretion of surfactant lipids and absent tubular myelin indicates phenotypic derangement of surfactant metabolism. The natural history of Surfactant Protein B syndrome is dated back form the year 1993 in a full-term infant of bellow one year old. With rare exceptions, SP-B deficiency is considered as the fatal diseases having only one therapeutic option of lung transplantation. Infants with ABCA3 gene syndrome exhibits severe lung ailment due to SP-B deficiency. This condition may become progressively worsening with time and may results in neonatal lung disease. The overall slim survival chances of infants with Surfactant Protein B syndrome, results from ascertainment bias instead of reflecting all the natural history spectrum of the disease. No formal research has yet evaluated the genotype-phenotype correlation of Surfactant Protein B syndrome but complete mutation on the overall alleles has been associated with remote onset and severity of the disease. Whereas interaction with older patients undergoing milder experience of Surfactant Protein B syndrome usually have one missense mutation that have the possibility of retaining some functional activities of surfactant protein. The natural history on lung ailment due to Surfactant Protein B syndrome is highly associated to genetic mutation as reported in the newborn. Adults with Surfactant deficiency may show asymptomatic condition for a long time before their lungs are altered due to such hereditary gene mutation. This makes the SP-B condition variable and difficulties in interpretation of potential drug therapy. There is lack of specific therapy related to Surfactant Protein B syndrome instead doctors have always insisted on pulse dose steroids as a glucocorticoids goes up. Also, there has been the use of Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, but their efficacy is limited to anecdotal findings. Lung transplant has been conducted on infants with end-stage lung diseases because of Surfactant Protein deficiency and mutations (Cottin, Cordier and Richeldi, 2015). Management In managing Surfactant Protein B syndrome in infants, several tests have been done to help in diagnosis process. This include conducting laboratory testing to rule out the possibility of occurrence of diseases with same symptoms with Surfactant Protein B syndrome, such test may include cystic fibrosis or immunodeficiency (Polin, Fox and Abman, 2011). To clearly determine the various mutations in the genes of then child, a high resolution computerized technology is required for scanning of the lungs such as bronchoscopy conducted to verify for infections, signs of aspirations into the respiratory surfaces and eventually inflammation. However, in older children, pulmonary functioning testing is in many occasions performed in outpatient environment and often indicate decreased lung functioning. In addition, lung biopsy may be conducted to ascertain useful information with the possibilities of ruling out other respiratory diseases with exact clinical presentation. The management and prognosis of Surfactant Protein B syndrome is variable depending on the seriousness of the infant condition. Some situations call for lung transplantation while others do not. In all circumstances of Surfactant Protein B syndrome, optimizing nutrition for effective growth and prevention of respiratory infections are of importance to the overall health. In addition, managing Surfactant Protein B syndromes require assisted breathing through ventilator. Currently there is no specific clinical treatment of Surfactant Protein B syndrome hence for the victim infants, surfactant replacement therapy serves to improve the respiratory status transiently even though it is not the most appropriate in treating Surfactant Protein B syndrome. Consideration of lung transplantation in viable, however, with critically ill and unstable infant, the pre-transplant period is attributed to possess high chances of the child dying. A 5 years old infant has about 50 survival chances in case s of lung transplantation. In older children with slighter version of Surfactant Protein B syndrome, corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine are considered as appropriate methods to manage SP-B deficiency (Shanley, Wheeler and Wong, 2007). Recurrence Risk and Genetic Counseling Surfactant Protein B syndrome recurrence risk is evident amidst people who trace their ancestry to a precise geographical location. Individuals in an ethnic cluster possess high probability of sharing certain versions of their genes. In genetic counseling, keeping family medical history is vital. These records can hint on medical conditions that may frequent the family. Mastering the arrays of Surfactant Protein B syndrome in the family history puts health care professionals in the right position to diagnose whether individual or related family members of the coming future generation may be at risk of developing Surfactant Protein B syndrome. Family medical history pertaining Surfactant Protein B syndrome discloses people or families with high prevalence of having SP-B syndrome such as respiratory diseases, lung failure and breathing difficulties. These complex disorders are results of influence of combination of specific genetic factors, environmental condition and the choice of lif estyle. Surfactant Protein B syndrome history among families can also avail information about the probable risk of rare versions of the diseases caused by mutation in single gene. Knowing ones family medical history regarding Surfactant Protein B syndrome, will enable an individual to take steps in reducing the risks of contracting such conditions. This can be achieved through frequent screening of new born children, adopting healthier lifestyle and subjecting newborns to ventilated surrounding. Victim parents as well can learn to get into regular exercise, quit smoking and check on diet to help in reducing the possibilities of mutations leading to infants inheriting Surfactant Protein B syndrome associate with respiratory and lung complications. Clinical genetic counseling recommends talking to families about their medical conditions as the sure way of obtaining medical information relating to family history. Additionally, retrieving medical records from obituaries and death certificates do cuments can as well help in complete assessment of family medical history. This information is vital and should be kept up-to-date and to be shared by health care providers in case of need (Polin,Fox and Abman ,2011). It is fundaments to note that chances of passing on Surfactant Protein B syndrome applies during pregnancy. If a couple has a child with SP-B deficiency, the probability of having successive children suffering from the same syndrome is 25% since having one victim infant does not prevent inheritance of such condition by future children (Pacholok and Stuart ,2011). Clinical counselling admits that even though the chances of genetically inheriting Surfactant Protein B syndrome appears to be straightforward, other factors such as children family history and outcomes of genetic testing at times aggravate those likelihoods. Additionally, some infants suffering from lack of Surfactant Protein B due to genetic mutation hardly develop any health problem otherwise in extreme cases may experience a mild symptom of the illness. I any case a disease that prevails in a family lack a precise inheritance pattern, foreseeing the probability that a child will adopt the condition seems very difficult a nd only Recurrence risk and genetic counseling can help individuals understand these chances and translate into individuals making informed maternity decisions about the health of their children and their health as well. This has the effect of simplifying estimations on the chances of developing Surfactant Protein B syndrome by infants and passing it on to the next generation through mutation (Popper, 2017). Implications for Advanced Practice Nursing Maternal status has implication on the fetus and neonatal as indicated by advanced practice nursing. This is because both the body system of the fetus and the mother coexist together for the whole nine months period (Popper, 2017). The body size of the woman and health status has the capability of causing disorders in the infant. The status of the woman prior to pregnancy also has implications on the future pregnancies such that when previous births are characterized by Surfactant Protein B syndrome therefore the future pregnancies and births is susceptible to surfactant deficiency. Disorders due to lack of surfactant protein in the system of an infant or other similar conditions can possess neonatal or fetal effects. In addition mothers can transfer SP-B disorder as result of abruption and bacterial exposure during pregnancy. This makes it fundamental to understand maternal complications and their effects on infants as imperative part to practicing nurses and other caregivers. Exogenous surfactant therapy has proved well established in the new born children experiencing respiratory distress. Many aspects of SB-P Implications for advanced practice nursing have been evaluated in systematic reviews and high-quality trials giving variety of clinical situation in handling surfactant deficiency in infants. Advanced care nursing has evaluated substances such as albumin and meconium as among factors inhibiting surfactant functioning. Caregivers have proposed more than 50% oxygen availability for those incubated infants with meconium aspiration syndrome due in insufficient surfactant Protein in their system (Kendig and Wilmott, 2012). Surfactant lavage for both albumin and meconium aspiration syndrome are effective but growing resistance implication requires for further study since there has only been a small controlled trial. This controlled trial showed possible short term physiological benefits and it lacked clinically significant benefits as compared to various groups with restricted rescue surfactant therapy. Also, the application of surfactant replacement therapy in neonatal SP-B syndrome been inadequately studied. A recent analysis of infants of closely related ages, having respiratory failure showed that those infants exhibiting the presence of sepsis and were treated with surfactant had a 40% decrease in the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, showing surfactant therapy to be beneficial. Advanced practice nursing recommends sick newborn infants suffering from SP-B syndrome and other related respiratory distress to be subjected to exogenous therapy (Shanley, Wheeler and Wong, 2007). Persistent respiratory insufficiency in infants due to Surfactant Protein B syndrome is common in children of less than 30 week gestation. However, the status of S P- B has not been studied and clearly evaluated in this condition. Advanced care rates 75% chronically ventilated premature infants to possess a specifically analyzed surfactant aspect with abnormal role. This observation was attributed to clinically evident respiratory deterioration. This speculates that incidents of infection are among the causes of reduced content of SP-B in surfactant, resulting in surfactant dysfunction and retardation of respiratory condition in infants. This if the most fundamental description by Advanced practices nursing of surfactant dysfunction and the functions of hydrophobic surfactant protein in chronically ventilated premature infants (Cremona et al, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, it is not known whether all children showing conditions of congenital alveolar proteinosis are all deficient of SP-B. However, SP-B is responsible for the development of myelin. The absence of myelin is associated with other genetic deficiencies other than Surfactant Protein B syndrome. This indicates that histopathological appearance of the alveoli proteinosis emanates from diverse conditions other than SP-B deficiency or deficiency of surfactant proteins which are yet to be determined. Besides SP-B deficiency, there are diverse surfactant dysfunctions that are genetically caused. Surfactant administration through endotracheal intubation is the only means proven to be safe in delivering surfactant to the lungs of SP-B deficiency victims. All attempts to administer surfactant through intrapartum hypo-pharyngeal instillation have always proved futile therefore relating Surfactant Protein B syndrome to the clinical setting and exploring the implications for the neonatal nurse practitioner. Reference Refere Kendig, E. L., Wilmott, R. W. (2012). Kendig and Chernicks disorders of the respiratory tract in children Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier nces Kendig, E. L., Wilmott, R. W. (2012). Kendig and Chernicks disorders of the respiratory tract in children Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier Popper, H. (2017). Pathology of Lung Disease: Morphology Pathogenesis Etiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Gleason, C. A., Devaskar, S. U., Avery, M. E. (2012). Averys diseases of the newborn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders Cremona, M., Espina, V., Luchini, A., Petricoin, E., Liotta, L. A. (January 01, 2010). Chapter 9 Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Pathology. Broaddus, V. C., Mason, R. C., Ernst, J. D., King, T. E., Lazarus, S. C., Murray, J. F., Nadel, J. A., Gotway, M. (2015). Murray Nadels Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. In Cottin, V., In Cordier, J.-F., In Richeldi, L. (2015). Orphan lung diseases: A clinical g uide to rare lung disease. Polin, R. A., Fox, W. W., Abman, S. H. (2011). Fetal and neonatal physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Shanley, T. P., Wheeler, D. S., Wong, H. R. (2007). Pediatric critical care medicine: Basic science and clinical evidence. London: Springer. Polin, R. A., Fox, W. W., Abman, S. H. (2011). Fetal and neonatal physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Pacholok, S. M., Stuart, J. J. (2011). Could it be B12?: An epidemic of misdiagnoses. Fresno, Calif: Quill Driver Books

The Theme of Patriotism in Persepolis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 680 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Persepolis Essay Did you like this example? Persepolis is an extended description of the historical conditions during Marjanes life. Marjane had a patriotic passion for her country Iran. When she was a young girl, there was a cultural revolution in Iran. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Theme of Patriotism in Persepolis" essay for you Create order Students (including Marjane) were forced to were a veil during school. Marjane didnt quite understand the reasoning behind this and thought she should have her own choice in religion. Many were teetering this concept of the cultural revolution. Eventually, the French non-religious school she attended is halted and the sexes are schooled separately. Growing up, Marjane and God have several conversations, and she is set on being a prophet when she grows up. Throughout this graphic novel, Marjane always exemplifies a spirit of patriotism, boldness, freedom, love, and individual thought. Her pure, childlike heart desires both equality and an elimination of suffering. When she expresses her intention of becoming a prophet, Marjane is mocked, but her parents support her and are unalarmed by her wishes. After she hears her parents concerned about the fire that killed 400 people at a nearby theater, Mr. Satrapi decides to explain the events of the Revolution to her. During this story, Marjan e learns that her grandfather was a prince prior to Reza Shahs rise of power, which would excite any child. Her grandfather became a communist and was imprisoned. While in prison, her grandfather was tormented by going into cells overflowing with water, which Marjane has a difficult time processing. During her grandmothers visit, she explains to Marjane the poverty and hardships they faced during her husbands imprisonment. The Satrapis maid Mehri was given into their care as a child. Marjane and Mehri grew into a sisterly bond. Mehri falls in love with the boy next door and has Marjane write her love letters since she didnt know how to write. Once Mr. Satrapi discovers this love connection, he talks to the boy and tells him Mehri is a maid. Then, the boy is no longer interested. In this time, social classes arent combined. This initially upsets Marjane significantly. She believed her father to be a good man and felt his actions were unjust and unloving. Therefore, she and Mehri attend marches, which aggravates her parents since the marches were formidable. As Shahs rule worsens, many lose their life. Shah travels to the United States and eventually relinquishes his rule. The previously imprisoned Siamak and Mohsen visit the Satrapi family and explain their experiences in prison. Soon after, Marjane discovers that even her Uncle Anoosh was held captive. However, her Uncle Anoosh was identified as valiant for his position in government to hinder the power of Shah, which ultimately declared independence from his brutal rule. Unfortunately, Anoosh is later arrested and killed for a false accusation about being a Russian spy. Due to this event, Marjane completely rejects God and her desire to be a prophet. Around this time, the Iran-Iraq War starts. From this event, her life seems to spiral into a world of pain and shattered expectations. Marjanes hopes of traveling to the U.S. are squandered when the Americans are coerced out of Iran. Those of religious authority closed schools to make alterations, which also harms Marjanes hopes. Shes even assaulted because her veil isnt on. The war only worsens, and her friend Mali comes to live with her as a result of it. Murdered children, bombing raids, deaths of millions, and the death of her hopeless Uncle Taher become enough hardships for Marjane to become a rebel. After her parents return from Turkey, Marjane becomes westernized and is nearly arrested but let off without arrest. One day, her neighborhood was bombed, and her neighbors house was wrecked. She even noticed her friends arm protruding from the debris. After all these disastrous events, her parents make the executive decision to send her to Austria for her safety. She spends the last night with her beloved grandmother and hea ds to the airport the next day. When she turns back to see her parents from afar, her mother had fainted. Yet, she hoped to see her parents again one day.

The Scholarly Journal Childhood Education - 1582 Words

The purpose of the research article from the scholarly journal Childhood Education (2014) is to discuss the arguments currently surrounding the topic of media, technology, and screen time (MeTS) and its use with young children, and create an international dialogue on what steps should be taken in the future on how to responsibly use MeTS in a way that is productive and developmentally appropriate. The authors first discuss what global issues currently stand referring to MeTS, citing statistics of television, video game, and computer exposure among young children (children younger than 6). It is described that in the United States alone, â€Å"83% of children under 6 years old use†¦two hours with a television and DVD player, 1 hour with video†¦show more content†¦One source in particular, Clements and Sarama, (2003) present findings gathered from hundreds of previous studies. The data collated by these researchers in favor of using MeTS in various ways, such as teachi ng social skills via television programs. Other sources indicate children benefitting from computer use by displaying â€Å"high levels of intelligence, language skills, conceptual abilities, and problem solving†¦ [and that] playing games has been shown to be an important component of promoting visual and kinesthetic response-related skills† (Howard-Jones, 2011). In addition, one of the main proponents for using MeTS in the classroom detailed in the article is the exceptional education community, citing students with disabilities â€Å"such as Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and deafness, gained learning advantages through computer tablets and iPads† (Shah, 2011) as well as the use of the Nintendo Wii to promote physical development and teaching social skills (Maliszewski, 2011). While many arguments are made for the using MeTS in a positive way, the counterargument voices speak just as loudly. The second argument posed, the concerns raised about MeTS use , contains many sources of literature which discuss content of media presented, which types of media are exposed, and the frequency of exposure to young children. The main advocate for limiting MeTS to young children cited in the article is the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood Alliance for Childhood

Perspective and Stereotype in Western Detective Novels free essay sample

The writer examines novels by Agatha Christie and Joseph Conrad, and discusses characters and scenes in light of prejudices the authors may have held, bringing as evidence Chinese (non-Western) detective novels. We can also see the kind of xenophobic stereotypes that Christie used when we compare her works to detective fiction taken from an entirely different cultural tradition: When we think about the detective novel, we are most likely to see in our mind?s eye Sherlock Holmes?s deerstalker cap or hear the Belgian accents of Hercule Poirot. The genre of detective fiction ? with its traditional elements of the seemingly perfect crime, the wrongly accused suspect at whom circumstantial evidence points (in many cases, the bungling of the dim-witted police (in opposition to the cleverness of the private operator), the astonishing powers of observation and superior mind of the detective, and a startling and unexpected denouement (quite likely taking place in a parlor) in which the detective reveals how the identity of the culprit was ascertained ? seems a quintessentially Western concept. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspective and Stereotype in Western Detective Novels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Local SEO How To Increase Your Local Search Rank

Google and other search engines are constantly working to provide searchers with the most relevant and useful information available. One way they do this is by prioritizing locally relevant results. For businesses, maximizing your local search rankings can make a significant and immediate impact on your bottom line. This post covers the basics of local SEO, key tips for improving your local search rank, and some of the challenges you may face along the way. Let’s jump in. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your SEO strategy? We partnered with Jay Baer of Convince Convert to create this free ebook on 6 Ways to Fix Your Barebones SEO Strategy What is Local SEO? Search engines use location as one of the key factors when ranking the most relevant search results.So, if you’re in Chicago and you search for a pizza place, your search results will be totally different to someone conducting the same search in New York City. Due to the increasingly localized nature of search results, it’s important that your SEO content sends the right signals to search engines and human users to let them know that your website is relevant to them within their specific geographic area. Why Local SEO is Important According to Google, 46% of all online searches performed and nearly one-third of all mobile searches are related to location. The most common query is to find information about a specific business like a company address or phone number. The shift to localized search results makes it essential for marketers today to focus on creating more local content. It’s not enough to simply sprinkle a few local keywords on your homepage. To make a real difference to your search engine rankings, you need to build pages based on each specific location relevant to your business. You can do this by incorporating descriptive keywords about your town, city and state into content pieces that are relevant to your target audience. Difference Between Local SEO and Broad-Reach SEO Google’s local pack now appears for local searches with a map and three local business listings. This local pack appears for at least 93% of searches with local intent, so it’s an incredibly powerful piece of â€Å"free advertising† if you can make it onto this list. As an example, if you search for â€Å"painting classes nyc,† the top-rated painting school in New York – The Art Studio NY – ranks number one in the local pack. The listing includes the name, address and phone number (NAP), a Google Map, Google Reviews, hours, a website link and directions. By focusing on local SEO, businesses with locations scattered around the country can dramatically increase their online exposure. Unlike broad-reach SEO, which is highly competitive, local SEO can quickly generate quality leads. This also means a difference in keyword strategy. For example, a national insurance company might want to rank for the term â€Å"cheap life insurance.† However, a local insurance firm that mainly serves local residents would want to rank for â€Å"Springfield insurance company,† or whichever location is relevant. Location-based keyphrases and local content also have less competition. Keys to Improving Your Local Search Rankings If you’re a small to medium-sized business, competing against larger organizations for search engine prominence is out of the question. To reach more customers, you need to optimize your content for a local audience. Local search results can have a major impact on sales: 76 percent of consumers who conduct a local search on their smartphone visit a business within 24 hours 30 percent of those searches result in a purchase. To ensure people find your business, you need to use content marketing and local SEO techniques to increase your website’s local rankings. So where do you begin? 1. Get the Basics Right First, you need to make sure Google and other search engines know you’re a credible business and understand what you offer. Optimize your title tags, headers, meta descriptions, and images with relevant local keywords. Optimize your content (more on this later). Make sure the NAP (name, address, and phone number) information is consistent across your website. Improve your website’s internal linking structure. This supports website navigation and the ranking power of your web pages. 2. Claim Your Business on Google My Business Get your business listed on Google My Business and make sure your profile is complete. When categorizing your business, stick to the relevant ones that specifically describe your business. Also, remember to upload photos to your listing and use images that instantly show users what your business is all about. 3. Get Listed on Local Directories It’s free to list your business on online directories such as Google My Business, Bing Places for Business, Yahoo Local, Yelp, Superpages, Best of the Web, and Citysearch. Also seek out industry-specific directories. Include: Local keywords in your business description. Your up-to-date NAP information. Your hours of operation. Your main products and services and acceptable payment methods. 4. Find Relevant, Local Keywords Using the right keywords in web content and blog posts is crucial for local SEO. Use a tool like Google Keyword Planner to search for keywords relevant to your business. Go for ones that have high search volumes and low competition. Find out more in our post: Keyword Optimization and How to Target the Right Search Terms. Also check out the Google Ads help page. 5. Create Localized Pages and Content If you have more than one store, create separate location pages. These can include unique store descriptions, hours of operation, parking info, testimonials, news, and offers. Avoid duplicating content across multiple location pages. Post more local content on social media and include local keywords in your profiles. Search engines use social media indicators like shares and links to determine the relevancy of a business. 6. Write Localized Blog Content Regular blog updates drive traffic and boost search rankings. Use your keyword list to create content related to your business, location, and industry. For example: Local news stories. â€Å"Best of† lists. How-to articles. Location guides. Employee stories. Behind-the-scenes details of your business. Learn more about our blog writing service. 7. Encourage Customer Reviews. In our previous example, The Art Studio NY uses many customer reviews throughout its site to boost their local SEO. Google seems to favor businesses with stronger reviews. 8. Extend Your Reach Using Social Media Start promoting your local content on social media channels like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. Join relevant local groups and share your content. To boost your local visibility: Include local keywords in your account profiles and descriptions. Ensure your NAP information is consistent across sites. Include links to your website in your â€Å"About† section. Use location-specific hashtags. Promote local events. For more social media tips, visit our guide: How to Build a Social Media Content Strategy. 9. Optimize Your Mobile Experience According to a recent study, 57 percent of all U.S. online traffic now comes from smartphones and tablets2. Given that nine out of ten smartphone users conduct local searches3, your website needs to be mobile-friendly if you want to remain competitive. To find out more, read our post: Essentials to Make Your Content Mobile. 10. Get Active in Your Local Community Getting involved in your community will build brand awareness and could result in a link to your website from a local media outlet. You can also write about your activities in future content. For example: Attend a community event. Host a local event. Sponsor a local event. Support a local charity. Volunteer time for a local initiative. Donate your business space to a local group. Be a guest speaker at a local school. Host a local contest. 11. Create Linkable Assets Conduct a local study by asking people questions about your industry and publish the results. Or pull together a list of statistics focused on your area of business. This gives other businesses and bloggers the opportunity to reference and link to your content. Need help creating linkable content assets? We can help. Challenges of Local SEO A recent Google survey revealed that four out of five people used search engines to find out local information such as business hours, directions, and product availability. 1. Being Locally Relevant With More Than 1 Location For companies with multiple store locations and location-specific details to deal with, it can be difficult to keep all the information up to date. You have to make sure local business names, addresses, phone numbers, and opening hours are accurate, there are also the various deals, images, website URLs, and information about products and services to keep up to date. The key is to manage all of this data properly, and ensure each location is aware of the broader challenge of remaining relevant in local search results. There needs to be a consistent strategy communicated from the top down to every level. The universal data regarding the brand must be consistent across all online platforms, but at the same time individual store information needs to updated regularly by designated team members. If the data can be collected in an online database, any new information can be added by individual team members and the entire process can be overseen by data management personnel. 2. Incorrect Profiles and Listings The problems of data management have been compounded by multiple online marketing opportunities. With Google+, Yelp, Foursquare, Facebook, and more platforms offering various opportunities for brand promotion, there needs to be a reliable system in place to make sure details are consistent across every platform. If there are any inconsistencies, they’ll be picked up by Google, and this could seriously impact search rankings. The key is to ensure all online social media profiles and directory listings contain the same information regarding names, addresses, phone numbers, and other details. You can verify locations into Google My Business, and you can check how your company details are being displayed online using services like Yext or Moz Local. 3. Other Considerations There are other things to consider when it comes to making any business more visible in local searches. Here are some important strategies to bear in mind for local SEO optimization: Optimize website content for mobile devices. Every company location should have its own web page, optimized with location details. This means ensuring meta data includes all the relevant local information Make sure web pages load quickly. Using Google’s PageSpeed Insights, you can check your website is optimized for every device, and get help with improving site speed. Ultimately, quicker page load times will boost search rankings Improve click-through rates. By optimizing meta descriptions – the descriptive content that appears in search results underneath page titles – you can improve click-through rates to your website. More engagement can impact search rankings Consider having separate Google+ pages for each location. Make sure each location has a strategy for updating their Google+ page. Each location will need to understand SEO best practices and have a consistent approach to delivering primary business information Use analytics tools. These will help businesses understand where their traffic is coming from and which marketing strategies are working In Summary For long-term local SEO success, these strategies should be a core part of your marketing activities. If you schedule some time and follow these steps, you’ll steadily build brand awareness, reach more local customers with your content, and gain the competitive advantage. Is it time for your brand to focus more on local SEO?

Standard vs. Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges

Standard vs. Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges A rain gauge is a  weather instrument that gathers and measures the amount of liquid precipitation that falls from the sky. How a Tipping-Bucket Gauge Works A tipping bucket rain gauge has several components that allow it to accurately measure rainfall. As rain falls, it lands in the funnel of the tipping bucket rain gauge. The rain travels down the funnel and drips into one of two very carefully calibrated ‘buckets’ balanced on a pivot (like a see-saw). The top bucket is held in place by a magnet until it has filled to the calibrated amount (usually approximately 0.001 inches of rain). When the bucket has filled to this amount, the magnet will release its hold, causing the bucket to tip. The water then empties down a drainage hole and raises the other to sit underneath the funnel. When the bucket tips, it triggers a reed switch (or sensor), sending a message to the display or weather station. The display counts the number of times the switch is triggered. Because it knows how much rain is needed to fill the bucket, the display can calculate the rainfall. Rainfall is measured in inches; 1 of rain would fill a container with straight edges to a level of 1. Getting the Best Results From Your Rain Gauge To get the most accurate results from a tipping bucket rain gauge, you need to properly install the rain gauge. The rain gauge must be positioned on a flat surface – if the surface isn’t flat, the see-saw may tip before the bucket has filled to the calibrated level, or not tip at all. If the bucket doesnt tip at the calibrated level, the rainfall calculated will not be correct. Use a spirit level to determine whether a surface is flat, and then fix the gauge to the flat surface to ensure you are getting an accurate reading.The rain gauge must be positioned on a surface that does not vibrate – surfaces such as a porch or fence can move and vibrate. The tipping bucket is very sensitive and any vibrations could cause the gauge to tip even if it is not raining.The instrument must not be positioned near trees – being positioned near trees could allow leaves or pollen to fall inside the funnel and block it, causing an inaccurate reading.It must not be positioned in a sheltered area – being positioned in a sheltered location (such us beside your house or a fence) co uld significantly increase or decrease the amount of rain depending on the wind direction, and cause an inaccurate reading. The gauge should be positioned at least twice as far away from the object as the object’s height (e.g. if the fence is 6 feet high, the gauge should be positioned at least 12 feet away). Your weather equipment must not be located near any magnetic, steel, or iron objects – magnetic, steel, or iron objects can affect the amount of time the magnet will hold the bucket or whether it will hold it all, causing an inaccurate reading. Will a Rain Gauge Measure Snow? If it snows where you live, most rain gauges will not be able to measure the snow fall; snow will block the opening of the collection funnel. However, special snow gauges are available to measure this. Following these recommendations should ensure your get an accurate result from your tipping bucket rain gauge.

Raymond Carver - Short Stories with Depth Research Paper

Raymond Carver - Short Stories with Depth - Research Paper Example Precisely why we have very few accomplished short story writers in English literature. In this essay we are going to analyse two stories written by one such accomplished writer Raymond Carver. We are going to compare and contrast these stories and also discuss Raymond Carver’s style of writing. The stories we are going to compare are, ‘Nobody said anything’ and ‘Will you please be quiet please?’ Life of Raymond carver Carver was born in Oregon, in a small mill town. His father was a skilled sawmill worker. His mother supported the family by working as a waitress and retail clerk. Carver got married when he was nineteen and his wife was barely sixteen. Their first child, a daughter was born six months after they got married and a son followed next year. All this time Carver supported his family by doing odd jobs. He later moved to California where he completed his BA and also attended a creative writing workshop conducted by John Gardner. Gardner held profound influence on Carver’s life and career. Carver kept moving his family from one state to another. His wife supported him by doing various odd jobs such as cocktail waitress, salesperson, administrative assistant and even as local school teacher. She supported Carver’s heavy drinking and life as a writer even though he kept teaching in universities across America. She also completed her degree and began to do better jobs to support Carver. Carver took to bottle and by his own admission has stated that in those years of heavy drinking he rarely wrote and only immersed himself in alcohol. Even when his friend Cheever stopped drinking due to diagnosis of cancer, Carver continued to drink. He had resorted to drinking so much that he needed medical assistance thrice to help him back to life. Eventually with the help of Alcoholics Anonymous Carver stopped drinking and took control of his life again. He divorced his first wife and married Tess Gallagher in the year 1982 . He died at the age of fifty due to cancer. Reflection of his life in his work Carver came from a blue collared working family. He came typically from lower middle class background which is seen in his stories. He saw life of blue collared workers very closely. Like couple of his contemporaries Carver painted a picture of lower middle class people on his writing. He highlighted their misery, their problems, their losses, love, relationships, and compromises all in his stories and poetry. He developed a matter of fact approach of stating their lives in his works. For a writer it is difficult to overcome the influences of his life while writing. Personal experiences and feelings do find place in the work they produce. One has to look beyond words to understand and feel what the writer actually wants to convey as deeper meaning to the picture he is creating. All his life till forty Carver struggled with his life by doing odd jobs, teaching and writing. He saw life from close end of th e pavilion and hence all those experiences found place in his work. Carver’s style of writing Carver is said to have a style of ‘dirty realism’ in his work. He was a minimalist writer using words only when necessary. John Gardner whose writing workshop Carver attended mentored Carver to use minimum words required to express him. It was Carver’s publisher Gordon Lish who pushed this minimalist writing to the brim by further cutting down the number of words Carver wrote. Carver later broke the agreement with Lish

The American Abolitionist Movement and contacts with the Caribbean Annotated Bibliography

The American Abolitionist Movement and contacts with the Caribbean - Annotated Bibliography Example The female slaves are used as sex slaves by their masters and sons (and in instances where pregnancy arose, for example, the slave would be murdered, exiled or coerced into potentially lethal abortions) while black males in some households were castrated. Children born to slaves would automatically become the masters’ slaves. However, as these and other cruelties unfold, the times also witness a steady proliferation of strong Christians such as the Quakers with strong values of morality and equality for all men. At the same time, there is increasing self-awareness and acceptance amongst slaves that causes them to be desirous of fleeing from their masters’ chains. Education also plays an important role in transforming people’s values and thinking (Menard, 602). These Christian and human rights groups begin to speak out against slavery as a global onslaught on this injustice escalates to apocalyptic measures. Religion (Christianity) and morality was the stimulating factor (motivation) in the fight and abolition of slavery in the United States. The abolitionist movement in the United States is the founding step for the country in its journey towards what it embodies now – the land of the free where all men (citizens) are equal regardless of race, color, religion or national origin and c an all dream in the same measure (like Martin Luther’s dream of a black president, for instance). Abolitionism is the doctrine that slavery must be ended. Spain was among the first nations to abolish slavery in 1541 and the Somerset case in England that led to the emancipation of a slave initiated the movement to see that slavery in England was abolished. In 1789, France abolished slavery but slavery was later restored by Napoleon. Slavery in the United States began in Virginia’s Jamestown in North America. The first ship from America (called Desire) set out from Massachusetts in what started the slave trade from Africa to Britain’s American colonies. The

Affirmative Action in America Essay Example for Free

Affirmative Action in America Essay Throughout the years, much of the public’s confusion over affirmative action lies in the manners it is defined, because the manner at which the concept is described usually becomes the basis that shapes public attitude. Affirmative action in the United States basically refers to policies that take ethnicity, race, and gender into consideration in an effort to encourage equal opportunity. The focus of such policy varies from employment and public contracting objectives to health and educational outreach programs. It is intended to promote public institutions, such as police forces, hospitals and universities to be more representative of the people they serve. The thrust towards affirmative action is twofold, which is the rectification as a result of involuntary, institutional, or blatant discrimination, and maximization of the advantages of diversity in every levels of society. Affirmative action continues to be one of the most conflict-ridden issues in the United States, remaining unsettled ever since the civil rights legislation in 1960s. Despite the fact that numerous efforts have been challenged to get to the bottom of the problem, none attempted to recognize the fundamental causes of the criticism against the policy. Therefore, in order to understand the future of affirmative action, one must be aware of its evolution, its resistance, and its application in the United States. Evolution of Affirmative Action Affirmative action in the United States started as a device to deal with the enduring discriminations among African-Americans in the 1960s. This particular phrase was initially applied to represent the country’s government policy in 1961 as a means of redressing inequalities that had persisted albeit the constitutional guarantees and civil rights laws (Brunner, 2007). Focusing particularly on jobs and education, affirmative action policies mandated that active measures be taken to make sure that African-Americans and other minorities benefited from equal opportunities for financial aid, scholarships, school admissions, career advancement, salary increase, and promotions that had been practically the whites’ exclusive province. Affirmative action was visualized from the start as a provisional remedy that would end once there was an identical playing field for every Americans. President Kennedys Executive Order 10925 of 1961 intended and mandated every government contracting agencies to practice affirmative action to make sure that black applicants were hired and that they were equally taken cared of throughout their employment, without considering their color, creed, race, or national origin. In 1964, the landmark legislation of Civil Rights Act was signed into law, which prohibits employment discrimination by large employers, regardless of their previous contracts with the government. President Johnson developed and enforced for the fist time the country’s affirmative action through the Executive Order 11246 of 1965, requiring every government contractors and subcontractors to observe affirmative action so as to expand employment opportunities for minorities. President Johnson amended Executive Order 11246 in 1967 to incorporate affirmative action for women. By this time, federal contractors were required to make good-faith endeavors to increase employment opportunities for minorities and women (Wilcher, 2003). The 1978 decision of the United States Supreme Court in the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U. S. 912 upheld the use of race as one aspect in selecting qualified applicants for admission. Concurrently, it also ruled illegal the practice of the University Medical School of setting aside 18 seats for minority students in every incoming class of 100 (Wilcher, 2003). The following year, a National Women’s Business Enterprise Policy was created by President Jimmy Carter through the issuance of Executive Order 12138, which further requires every agency to take affirmative action to support business enterprise of women. In the same year, the Supreme Court ruled in United Steel Workers of America, AFL-CIO v. Weber, 444 U. S. 889 that race-conscious endeavors intended to abolish an evident racial disparity in an employers labor force ensuing from past discrimination are acceptable if they are impermanent and do not infringe the rights of other employees. The United States Supreme Court in 1987 ruled in Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 480 U. S. 616 that a serious under representation of minorities and women warranted the use of sex or race as one aspect in selecting amongst qualified applicants. Opposition to affirmative action has resulted to numerous legal challenges, starting with the United States Supreme Court’s 1989 decision in City of Richmond vs. J. A. Croson, which required local and states governments to draw on more comprehensive evidence of inequalities to validate the need for the programs. Immediately after that, Oregon and Michigan discontinued their affirmative procurement programs. In 1998, both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives prevented efforts to abolish particular programs of affirmative action. Amendments to eliminate the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program sponsored through the Transportation Bill were rejected by both houses, and the upper house rejected an endeavor to abolish the use of affirmative action in higher education admissions programs supported through the Higher Education Act. Throughout these periods, the opinions of the Supreme Court justices in affirmative action cases have been generally divided partly because of conflicting political beliefs but moreover because the issue is basically so complicated. Rather than tackling the whole policy, the Court has approached majority of the cases in a piecemeal manner, focusing on its narrow features. But in 2003, the landmark case involving the affirmative action policies of University of Michigan, which became one of the most imperative rulings on the issue in 25 years, the Supreme Court finally and positively supported higher education’s right of affirmative action (Brunner, 2007). The Court held as constitutional the use of race, among other aspects, of the University of Michigan in its law school admissions program given that the program advanced a compelling interest in achieving an educational advantage that flows from the diversity of student body. In addition, the Court established that the law school’s program was narrowly tailored, flexible, and supported a holistic assessment of every applicant.

Teens and Sex - Teen Pregnancy :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Teen Pregnancy Before we venture into the controversial aspects of teen pregnancy, I think that it is imortant to answer a vital question brought up by one of our classmates. This question addresses how teen pregnancy has evolved and how times have changed to bring upon such a serious issue. To begin answering this question we must take a look back in time to the roles of women and men in our society. Teen pregnancy is not just a rare virus that has recently sprung up and will someday dissapear due to some type of cure. Adolescent pregnancy has plagued our country for over three centuries, but it is only more recently that we have noticed its growth and severe impact on many aspects of society. The social change that lead to this visibility is not only based on a change in sexual behaviors, but it also is based on a change in the nature of adolescence. These changes begin with the decling of the average age of menarche. The average age for menarche in girls ten years ago was 14.2; this age has dropped by two years since then. The average age for menarche today is 12.2. This statistic suggests that since girls are capable of having children at younger ages they are also more apt to have sex at a younger age. The social changes that effect these statistics deal with the raising of the average age of marriage, standard attitudes towards marriage as a sacred institution, and economic shifts which have led to a need for longer educational careers. These changes have produced pockets of urban poverty where education is often not valued or taken seriously. Unfortunatly, the need for higher education is reflected in the fact that only at levels after high school has enrollment increased in recent years, and only in the late teens are whites more likely than blacks to enroll in an educational institution. Due to the demands of the economy many young people are dependent on their parents for a longer peroid of time which has left some groups without access to the economic options that allow them to prepare for the future. Â   Some of the reasons for the increased age in marriage stem from the changing roles of women in our society. Women are now more than ever participating in a mans work world, and dealing with such problems as maintaining their homes, the cost of childrearing, and the importance of an education.

Death of a Salesman Essay AP English III

Death of a Salesman Essay Wily Loan is a symbolic icon of the failing America. He is representing a typical chaser of the American dream in the sass's. He experiences a tragedy in his life where he was trying to find his place in his own life with his sons leaving, growing old, and an escalating sense of stubbornness. Wily was Just one of many Americans that experienced a great tragedy during this time which was a reason that led up to the great depression in 1929. This makes a symbolic icon of the failing America during this time.Wily Loan had a life most people admired while his sons were still in high school. He had a Job and was very happy at that time. His son Biff was the high school quarterback and was very good at his position. This made Wily extremely proud and hoped he would see his son go off to play football at the college level. He was very content with his life at this point and this symbolizes the booming American economy before the Great Depression. Wily soon got too caught up in the idea of the American Dream, to be hard working and honest among other things.He soon began to get greedy in the idea of the American Dream along with other things that went wrong. His pride soon escalated and prevailed in the worst way. Biff reveals to Wily that he has failed his senior math class and will not have enough credits to graduate high school. This incident highlights and really reveals Willis stubbornness for he Just thinks Biff could just go to summer school and get the credits he needed to graduate. It was not that simple as Wily soon learned. Biff then tells his father he is going to go to an interview or an important high paying Job and Wily is very excited for him to get the Job.Biff ends up not going to the interview because he felt he was not able to get the Job. As he tries to tell his father what happened, Willis stubbornness again shows as he would not even let Biff explain what had happened. Wily keeps talking and interrupting his son saying t hings as if he got the Job. This causes very high tension between the two and leads to a huge argument at the end of the play that indirectly leads to Wily killing himself. Another incident that escalates to the tragedy that occurs in the play is when Biff catches Wily cheating on his wife.Biff is heartbroken, in shock, and angry all at once and leaves the scene leaving Wily questioning what has become of him and started to realize his life was not what it used to be, but his stubbornness still prevailed. At the end of the play the whole family meets together at their house. A significant argument breaks out mostly between Biff and Wily about how stubborn and blind he really is. Wily ends up telling Biff to get out of his house and Biff says he never wants to come back. The argument was the deciding factor hat led up to Wily getting in his car and killing himself.In the end, Willis stubbornness and pride led to things such as the arguments between him and Biff, him getting fired and refusing to take another Job out of pride, and lack of realization that he was slowly setting the stage for his own demise. Wily was Just another lower middle class American stuck in the idea of the American Dream. Along with many other Americans during the time, he symbolized the failing America of the Great Depression of the sass's and even the digressing American economy of today.

Why Did the Americans Win the Mexican-American War

From 1846 to 1848, the United States of America and Mexico fought the Mexican-American War. There were many causes of the war, but the biggest reasons were Mexicos lingering resentment over the loss of Texas and the Americans desire for Mexicos western lands, such as California and New Mexico. The Americans believed their nation should extend to the Pacific: this belief was called Manifest Destiny. The Americans invaded on three fronts. A relatively small expedition was sent to secure the desired western territories: it soon conquered California and the rest of the current U.S. southwest. A second invasion came from the north through Texas. A third landed near Veracruz and fought its way inland. By late 1847, the Americans had captured Mexico City, which made the Mexicans agree to a peace treaty which ceded all of the lands the U.S. had wanted. But why did the U.S. win? The armies sent to Mexico were relatively small, peaking at about 8,500 soldiers. The Americans were outnumbered in nearly every battle they fought. The entire war was fought on Mexican soil, which should have given the Mexicans an advantage. Yet not only did the Americans win the war, they also won every major engagement. Why did they win so decisively? The U.S. had Superior Firepower Artillery (cannons and mortars) was an important part of warfare in 1846. The Mexicans had decent artillery, including the legendary St. Patricks Battalion, but the Americans had the best in the world at the time. American cannon crews had roughly double the effective range of their Mexican counterparts and their deadly, accurate fire made the difference in several battles, most notably the Battle of Palo Alto. Also, the Americans first deployed the flying artillery in this war: relatively lightweight but deadly cannons and mortars that could be swiftly redeployed to different parts of the battlefield as needed. This advance in artillery strategy greatly helped the American war effort. Better Generals The American invasion from the north was led by General Zachary Taylor, who would later become President of the United States. Taylor was an excellent strategist: when faced with the imposingly fortified city of Monterrey, he saw its weakness right away: the fortified points of the city were too far from one another: his battle plan was to pick them off one by one. The second American army, attacking from the east, was led by General Winfield Scott, probably the best tactical General of his generation. He liked to attack where he was least expected and more than once surprised his opponents by coming at them from seemingly out of nowhere. His plans for battles such as Cerro Gordo and Chapultepec were masterful. The Mexican Generals, such as the legendarily inept Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, were way outclassed. Better Junior Officers The Mexican-American War was the first in which officers trained at the West Point Military Academy saw serious action. Time and again, these men proved the value of their education and skill. More than one battle turned on the actions of a brave Captain or Major. Many of the men who were junior officers in this war would become Generals 15 years later in the Civil War, including Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, P.G.T. Beauregard, George Pickett, James Longstreet, Stonewall Jackson, George McClellan, George Meade, Joseph Johnston, and others. General Winfield Scott himself said that he would not have won the war without the men from West Point under his command. Infighting Among the Mexicans Mexican politics was extremely chaotic at that time. Politicians, Generals and other would-be leaders fought for power, making alliances and stabbing one another in the back. Mexicos leaders were unable to unite even in the face of a common enemy battling its way across Mexico. General Santa Anna and General Gabriel Victoria hated one another so badly that at the Battle of Contreras, Victoria purposely left a hole in Santa Annas defenses, hoping the Americans would exploit it and make Santa Anna look bad: Santa Anna returned the favor by not coming to Victorias aid when the Americans attacked his position. This is only one example of many of Mexican military leaders putting their own interests first during the war. Poor Mexican Leadership If Mexicos generals were bad, their politicians were worse. The Presidency of Mexico changed hands several times during the Mexican-American War. Some administrations lasted only days. Generals removed politicians from power and vice-versa. These men often differed ideologically from their predecessors and successors, making any kind of continuity impossible. In the face of such chaos, troops were rarely paid or given what they needed to win, such as ammunition. Regional leaders, such as governors, often refused to send any aid at all to the central government, in some cases because they had serious problems of their own at home. With no one firmly in command, the Mexican war effort was doomed to fail. Better Resources The American government committed plenty of cash to the war effort. The soldiers had good guns and uniforms, enough food, high-quality artillery and horses and just about everything else they needed. The Mexicans, on the other hand, were totally broke during the entire war. Loans were forced from the rich and the church, but still corruption was rampant and the soldiers were poorly equipped and trained. Ammunition was often in short supply: the Battle of Churubusco might have resulted in a Mexican victory, had ammunition arrived for the defenders in time. Mexicos Problems The war with the U.S. was certainly Mexicos biggest problem in 1847†¦but it wasnt the only one. In the face of the chaos in Mexico City, small rebellions were breaking out all over Mexico. The worst was in the Yucatà ¡n, where indigenous communities which had been repressed for centuries took up arms in the knowledge that the Mexican army was hundreds of miles away. Thousands were killed and by 1847 the major cities were under siege. The story was similar elsewhere as impoverished peasants rebelled against their oppressors. Mexico also had enormous debts and no money in the treasury to pay them. By early 1848 it was an easy decision to make peace with the Americans: it was the easiest of the problems to solve, and the Americans were also willing to give Mexico $15 million as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Sources Eisenhower, John S.D. So Far from God: the U.S. War with Mexico, 1846-1848. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1989Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States.New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.Hogan, Michael. The Irish Soldiers of Mexico. Createspace, 2011.Wheelan, Joseph. Invading Mexico: Americas Continental Dream and the Mexican War, 1846-1848. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2007.