What Causes Negative Body Image Weight Issues Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Between the male and female population, most of the individuals who have developed an eating disorder are those who belong to ages 12 to 25. In fact, anorexia is considered to be the third most common chronic illness among the young adolescents. It is believed that the teenage years is the time of their lives wherein they wanted so much to be accepted by the other members of the society. The physical and emotional changes and pressure that these teenagers have to go through affects their overall outlook in life such as a strong desire to look good by being slim and gorgeous even to the extent that they have to lose weight in an unhealthy way. During puberty, it is but normal to gain body fat as part of their physiological development. However, some girls do not understand the human body developmental stage. Therefore, they tend to respond to it by going through excessive exercise and strict dieting. In the end, a huge portion of the teenage population develops the eating disorder ha bits. Going back to the psychological effects of advertisers using the images of the women celebrities with slim bodies, we could trace that the media greatly affects the mentality and the general perception of the teenage population when it comes to the perfect physical characteristics among the women. We will write a custom essay sample on What Causes Negative Body Image & Weight Issues or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Gender Differences and the Criminal Justice System

Gender and the Criminal Justice System It would be foolish to assert that gender plays no role in the criminal justice system, just as it would be equally foolish to say that race plays no role in this system either. Covington and Bloom cite the work of Kivel (1992) in reminding all that Where sexism is prevalent, one of the gender dynamics frequently found is that something declared genderless or gender neutral is, in fact, male oriented. The same phenomenon occurs in terms of race in a racist society, where the term race neutral generally means white (2003). The criminal justice system reflects the needs of men and the values of men in a highly patriarchal society; the issue becomes more complicated when some scholars argue that women should fight for equal rights in all areas of life, including the criminal justice system, arguing that while equal treatment might hurt women in the short run, in the long run, its the best policy for women (Covington Bloom, 2003). On the other hand , opposing groups argue that women are inherently different from men and that insisting on equality will always create a situation where women lose out (Covington Bloom, 2003). This debate creates an uncertain situation about how women should be treated in the criminal justice system and whether gender should play a role accounting for differential treatment. The reality is that there should be some differential treatment according to gender when it comes to the criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagessituations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separateRead MoreWomen As Victims And Defendants888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This discussion about women as victims and defendants was insightful. There is a lot I did not know when it came to women in the criminal justice system. As a male myself I could not see it from a women’s point of view. It is funny how a man actually was up there explaining to us what women go through while in the criminal justice system. I think it is really significant when someone advocates for someone, or a group who is not affected by their injustice. Dr. Joseph P. Conti presentationRead MoreSociological Explanations For Gender Differences936 Words   |  4 PagesOutline and Assess Sociological Explanations for Gender Differences in Crime Rates Current statistics show that men commit 80% of all crime and women commit only 20%. 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In addition, most research shows that womens prison experiences differ drastically from those of men because their relationships inside and outside prison tend to shape the culture then enterRead MoreRace, Gender, And Age Of Criminal Sentencing : The Punishment Cost Of Being Young, Black,1430 Words   |  6 Pagessome sort of discrimination or bias. Three physical characteristics are often times the root cause of most discrimination, race, gender, and age. In a research paper titled â€Å"The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Male† three university researchers ask a series of question to determine if race, gender, and age have an effect on judicial sentencing, and how â€Å"these factors might contextualize on another†. The authors look at previousRead MoreGender and Crime Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesGender and Crime Sex is commonly used to describe the innate biological characteristics of humans constituting their femaleness or maleness. Gender on the other hand, covers the social characteristics and usages associated with one sex or the other. Since such roles and customs can vary and be modified it follows that masculine and feminine the terms applied to the respective gendersRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 Pagescriminological theory that does not have any inherent biases based upon gender. The need for this is due to the fact that past criminological theories are inherently sexist and holds old stereotypes of women’s behaviours such as menstruation being a sign of deviant behaviour (Pollack, 1961). Additionally, This feeds into the gender ratio problem, which examines why it is men are more represented in the criminal justice system (Cordella Siegel: 1996). Feminist criminological theory examines theRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in the Juvenile Justice System What role does gender play at the various stages of the juvenile justice system? Gender plays an enormous role in the juvenile justice system; both boys and girls have their fair share of run-ins with the Juvenile Justice System, but now more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle.Read MoreFemale Offenders : Involvement Within Criminal Justice System Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pages　　　　Bryan Santigo 　　　　Crimnal Investigation 　　　　Dr.Ray 　　　　12-3-16 　　　　 　　　　Female Offenders: Involvement within Criminal Justice System 　　　　 　　　　Fines are preferable to imprisonment and other types of punishment because they are more efficient. With a fine, the punishment to offenders is also revenue to the State. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, females are account for 14 percent of the violent crimes. The growing rate of females incarceration calls for a critical evaluation of socialRead MoreReactions and Reflections to Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice1060 Words   |  4 PagesReactions and Reflections on Readings in Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice Introduction No serious-minded individual over the age of twelve actually thinks that justice and ethical issues involved in criminality are purely black-and-white or clear-cut issues of good and bad. The first chapters of Cyndi Banks (2008) Criminal Justice Ethics, however, make it clear that the issues of right and wrong in the criminal justice system are far more complex, specific, and subtle than

Assignment for Distribution Channel Free Essays

Assignment for the next class. ( P. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment for Distribution Channel or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are required to split yourselves in group of 6to 8 members each, the details of which shall be collected in class. Students would be called out randomly from each group to present their analysis. In case of a dismal performance of any group member, the marks of the whole group will be at stake! ) 1. The marketing channel for Mary Kay Cosmetics is called a â€Å"direct selling† channel. The company uses a sales force of over 1,000,000 Independent Beauty Consultants around the world. These Consultants are not employees of Mary Kay Corporation; they buy cosmetics from the company at a wholesale price and sell at a retail price to end-users. They maintain personal relationships with their end-user consumers, and deliver product to them after it is ordered; it is a high-service purchasing relationship from the consumer’s point of view. Consultants thus act as both distributors and retailers. a. To what extent does an Independent Beauty Consultant participate in the eight universal marketing flows? . How might these flows be shifted, either among the members now in the channel or to different agencies or institutions not presently included? What do you think would be the implications of such shifts? (think about how cosmetics are sold through department stores or through drugstore chains, for example) c. Within each of these distribution systems, specify what the consumer’s role is from a flow-absorption perspective. Contrast this with the consumer’s role when buying cosmetics from a department store, or a drugstore chain. 2. For each of the three scenarios below, categorize the demand for bulk- breaking, spatial convenience, waiting/delivery time, and assortment/variety as â€Å"High,† â€Å"Medium,† or â€Å"Low. † In each case, explain your answers. a. A woman in an emerging-market country of Southeast Asia wishes to buy some cosmetics for herself. She has never done so before, and is not entirely sure of on what occasions she will wear the cosmetics. She does not live near a big city. She is too poor to own a car, but has a bit of extra money for a small luxury. b. A manufacturer uses a particular industrial chemical in one of its large-scale production processes and needs to buy more of this chemical. The rest of the raw materials for its plant operations are delivered in a â€Å"just in time† fashion. c. Before you visit certain parts of the world, you are required to get a yellow fever vaccine. Many travelers let this slip until the last minute, forgetting that it is advisable (or avoiding an unpleasant shot as long as possible). But, they definitely realize they need the shot, and don’t want to have to cancel their trip at the last minute because they didn’t get it. They often find themselves making a long trip to a regional medical center because they didn’t plan ahead. How to cite Assignment for Distribution Channel, Papers

Music Genre Classification Using Ga

Music Genre Classification Using Ga-Induced Minimal Essay In addition to an enhanced performance, our model can also reduce the computational load for ill-formed sets and has the flexibility to incorporate trade-offs between efficiency and computational load. We finally demonstrate that the modified GA is capable of bringing about an 80% reduction in the feature space dimension at similar classification rates. Index Terms?Genetic Algorithms, Feature-set Reduction, SAVE, ann. Classifier, Genre Classification Music genre is frequently used as the query of choice while browsing through the music databases over the Internet. While research into acquiring suitable features and classifiers for genre classification is abundant(, , , ), works involving selection of relevant feature-sets particular to the task at hand are sparse at best. Some examples of such work would be , , where techniques of PICA, OFFS and BBS have been used effectively. In our work, we investigate the possibility of a relevant and minimal feature-set-selection with the help of Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAS have been used before by and to efficiently classify music genres. We will write a custom essay on Music Genre Classification Using Ga-Induced Minimal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While has shown pretty impressive results (a 90% lactations rate) using GA, 109 musical features and a hierarchical classifier, has been able to get almost 60% classification rate with GA, a set of classifiers like ann., SAVE and a feature set of 30 features. These works, though impressive, aim only for an optimal feature-set devoid of noisy features(which tend to misclassifying samples). Furthermore, they use a primitive GA fitness function, biz. The hit-rate, for the best feature-set selection, which might converge to a local minima instead of a global one . In this work, we not only find the optimal features from a set of given features for given classification problem, but we also minimize the number of features required for the task. Using a modified fitness function, that also eliminates the local-minima problem of the standard hit-rate one, we bring about a more than 80% reduction in the original feature set, and a 50% reduction in the feature-set derived from the original feature-set by the hit-rate-only fitness function. To reiterate, we havent proposed a new method for classification, or a new method for feature generation. We assume that the feature set and the classifier are defined by Music Genre Classification Using Ga-launched Minimal Feature-Set By rampant feature reduction techniques have already been employed to reduce the original feature-set, can we further reduce the number of features with minimal loss in performance? thighs the question we are going to handle in this paper. The paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we give a brief description of the established GA and feature selection methods in literature, and propose our modification. Then in Section Ill, we describe the dataset, the feature-set and classifiers we are using for the experiment. Then in Section V, we discuss the findings of our test and validate our claims. Then we conclude our discussion in Section V. II. P REPOSED M DEL Given a set of possible features and a classifier for a classification task, our objective is to derive an optimal features devoid of noisy features with an aim of minimizing its cardinality. Using GAS to derive near-optimal feature-subsets was brought to light by , and was further investigated in , . In the present work, extending and , we propose a modified GA to derive a near-optimal-UCM-minimal featureless for music genre classification. GAS emulate human evolutionary characteristics, and follow the survival-of-the-fittest paradigm. In an personalized model of GA, we have a population of chromosomes (essentially a bit string), which are assigned fitness values (their relative worth) based on the task at hand. Fit individuals/chromosomes mate with each other, and that is simulated by crossover, in which they exchange parts of their chromosome. .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .postImageUrl , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:visited , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:active { border:0!important; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:active , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Services Marketing: CRM and the Music Industry EssayTo account for sudden characteristic changes in some individuals of a population, mutation is simulated through bit flipping random parts of the chromosome. The fit individuals are selected room a population using some selection rule and the next generation consists of these fit individuals whereas unfit ones are discarded. With this approach, the GA claims that at the end of hundreds of generations, only the best chromosomes for the task at hand will remain, and that is the assumption based on which best features are selected. The crossover rate, mutation rate, selection rule, fitness function etc. Are determined by the problem at hand. For an n-dimensional feature space, we choose n-bit chromosomes. Following , a bit-value of 1 means that the feature-dimension is considered for classification, and value of O means that the feature is eliminated from consideration. 1 The traditional fitness-function is the hit-rate (HER), I. E. The fraction of train-set samples that were correctly classified using the selected features. But such a fitness function has a tendency to converge to a local minima, and it also disregards the objective of creating the maximum separation between the classes under consideration. So, following , we use the following fitness function: F tiniest = HER + y(CD/p) where CD is the class distance, p is the total number of samples, and y is a scaling constant. The class distance is defined as follows, p p Ill. E EXPERIMENT A. Feature Set We used audio features described in . Each music file is represented in a 74-dimensional feature space.

Censor The Internet Essays - Internet Memes,

Censor the Internet The freedom of speech that was possible on the Internet could now be subjected to governmental approvals. For example, China is attempting to res5trict political expression, in the name of security and social stability. It requires users of the Internet and e-mail to register, so that they can monitor their activities (Gates). In the United Kingdom, state secrets and personal attacks are off limits on the Internet. Laws are strict and the government is extremely interested in regulating the Internet with respect to these issues (Gates). Laws intended for other types of communication will not necessarily apply in this group. Through all the components of the Internet it becomes easy to transfer material that particular governments might find objectionably. However, all of these ways of communicating on the Internet make up a large and vast system. For inspectors to monitor every e-mail, every article in every Newsgroup, every webpage, every IRC channel, every Gopher site, and every FT P site would be near impossible. Besides taking as extraordinary amount of time and money, attempts to censor the Internet violate freedom of speech, a right that is included in democratic constitutions and international laws (Silencing the Net?). It would be a breach of the First Amendment. The Constitution of the united States of America Declares that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to asse3mble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances" (Constitution). Therefore it would be unconstitutional for any sort of censorship to occur on the Internet. Even though it is illegal, restrictions on Internet access and content are increasing worldwide under all forms of government. In France, a country where the press generally has a large amount of freedom, the Internet has been in the spotlight. A banned book on the health History of former French president Francois Mitterrand was republished electronically on the World Wide Web (www). To enforce censorship of the Internet, free societies find that they are becoming more closed, and closed societies find new ways to crush political expression and opposition (Silencing the Net?). Vice President Al Gore, while at an international conference in Brussels about the Internet, said that "Cyberspace is about protecting and enlarging freedom of expression for all our citizens? Ideas should not be checked at the border."(McCullagh) Another person attending that conference was Ann Breeson of the American Civil Liberties Union. She is quoted as saying, "Our big victory at Brussels was that we pressured them enough so that Al Gore in his keynote address made a big point of stressing the importance of free speech on the In ternet."(McCullagh) Many other organizations have fought against laws and have succeeded. A prime example of this is the fight that various groups put on against the recent Communication Decency Act (CDA) of the U.S. Senate. The Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition, on February 26, 1996, filed a historic lawsuit in Philadelphia against the U.S. Department of Justice and Attorney General Janet Reno to make certain that the First Amendment of the U.S.A would no be compromised by the CDA. Just the range of plantiffs alone shows the dedication that is felt by many different people and groups to the cause of tree speech on the Internet (Silberman). "Words like *censored*, *censored*, piss, and tits. Words of which our mothers (at least some of them) would no doubt disapprove, but which by no means would be regulated by the government. Bet it's not just about dirty words. It's also it's also about words like AIDS, gay, and breasts. It's about sexual content, and politically controversi al topics like drug addiction, euthanasia, and racism" (Irwin). In France, a high court has struck down a bill that promoted the censorship of the Internet. Other countries have attempted similar moves. The Internet cannot be regulated like other things can simply because it is not the same as anything else that we have. It is a totally new and unique form of communication and deserves to be given a chance to prove itself. Laws of one country cannot be enforced in another country and

Top 8 Reasons Non-Teachers Can Never Understand Our Job

Top 8 Reasons Non-Teachers Can Never Understand Our Job Believe it or not, I once had an older family member approach me at a party and say, â€Å"Oh, I want my son to talk to you about teaching because he wants a career that’s easy and not stressful.† I don’t even remember my response to this illogical and bizarre comment, but obviously this lady’s cluelessness made a major impression on me. I’m still confounded by this idea even ten years after the incident occurred. You may have been on the receiving end of similar comments, such as: You’re so lucky to have so much vacation time, especially summers off. Teachers have it so easy!You only have 20 students in your class. That’s not so bad!It must be so easy to teach elementary school. The children don’t have attitudes when they’re so young. All of these ignorant and annoying comments just go to show that people who aren’t in education simply can’t understand all of the work that goes into being a classroom teacher. Even many administrators seem to have forgotten about all of the trials and tribulations we face on the front lines of education. Summers Aren’t Enough Recovery Time I do believe that every teacher appreciates our vacation times. However, I know from experience that a summer vacation isn’t nearly enough time to recover (emotionally and physically) from the rigors of a typical school year. Similar to childbirth and moving houses, only time away can offer the necessary respite (and memory failure) that allows us to gather the strength and optimism required to attempt teaching anew in the fall. Besides, summers are shrinking and many teachers use this valuable time to earn advanced degrees and attend training courses. In the Primary Grades, We Deal With Gross Bathroom-related Issues Even a high school teacher could never understand some of the crises related to bodily functions that a typical K-3 teacher has to deal with on a regular basis. Potty accidents (and more instances too disgusting to reiterate here) are something that we can’t shy away from. I’ve had third grade students who still wear diapers and let me tell you – it’s stinky. Is there any amount of money or vacation time worth cleaning up vomit from the classroom floor with your own two hands? We’re Not Just Teachers The word â€Å"teacher† just doesn’t cover it. We’re also nurses, psychologists, recess monitors, social workers, parental counselors, secretaries, copy machine mechanics, and almost literally parents, in some instances, to our students. If you’re in a corporate setting, you can say, â€Å"That’s not in my job description.† When you’re a teacher, you have to be ready for everything and anything to be thrown at you on a given day. And there’s no turning it down. Everything’s Always Our Fault Parents, principals, and society in general blame teachers for every problem under the sun. We pour our hearts and souls into teaching and 99.99% of teachers are the most generous, ethical, and competent workers you can find. We have the best of intentions in a messed-up education system. But somehow we still get the blame. But we keep teaching and trying to make a difference. Our Job is Really Serious   When there’s a mistake or a problem, it’s often heart-breaking and important. In the corporate world, a glitch might mean a spreadsheet needs to be redone or a little money was wasted. But in education, the problems go much deeper: a child lost on a field trip, students lamenting parents in jail, a little girl sexually assaulted on the walk home from school, a boy being raised by his great-grandmother because everyone else in his life abandoned him. These are true stories that I’ve had to witness. The pure human pain gets to you after awhile, especially if you’re a teacher out to fix everything. We can’t fix everything and that makes the problems we witness hurt all the more. Work Outside the School Day Sure, school only lasts 5-6 hours per day. But that’s all we’re paid for and the job is constant. Our homes are cluttered with work and we stay up til all hours grading papers and preparing for future lessons. Many of us take phone calls and emails from parents during our â€Å"personal† time. The problems of the day weigh heavy on our minds all night and all weekend. Zero Flexibility When You’re a Classroom Teacher When you work in an office, you can simply call in sick when you wake up unexpectedly ill on a given morning. But, it’s extremely hard to be absent from work when you are a teacher, especially if it happens without notice or at the last minute. It can take several hours to prepare the lesson plans for a substitute teacher which hardly seems worth it when you’re only going to be absent for five or six hours of classroom time. You might as well just go teach the class yourself, right? And dont forget the last one... Teaching is Physically and Emotionally Taxing To put it bluntly: Since bathroom breaks are hard to come by, it’s said that teachers have the highest incidences of urinary and colon problems. There are also issues with varicose veins from having to stand all day. Plus, all of the above difficulty factors, combined with the isolated nature of being the only adult in a self-contained classroom, make the job especially grueling over the long term. So for all you non-teachers out there, keep these factors in mind the next time you envy a teacher for her summers off or feel the urge to say something about teachers having it easy. There are some things about the profession that only teachers can understand, but hopefully this little gripe session has shed some light on the true nature of the job! And now that we’ve got most of the complaints out of the way, keep an eye out for a future article that will celebrate the positive side of teaching!

Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Analysis paper - Essay Example Consequently, in the pursuit to deal with defraud, there was the need for the consumer protection agency. In addition, improved product warranties were also a necessity at this time. Closely associated with the issue of products warrant improvement was ensuring that there was no fault insurance. Besides the major changes that were being advocated for seeking to protect the consumer, there were other fundamental but rather minor changes that were to be addressed. Meat inspection was needed to ensure that people consumed safe food. Truth in lending, as well as packaging, was to be ensured as part of a means to ensure consumer protection. Auto safety and improvement of the workers’ living standards were also to be addressed by the consumer protection agency. Unions’ commitment to the notion of organization was a means of getting to power. Activities associated with the commitments of the unions such as their important roles that they played in the government legislation as well as protection of workers were a strategic route to power. Well, this strategy was a success and it favored most of the candidates who championed for the consumerism agenda in his/her manifesto such as President Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon (Cohen 352). Thus, consumer politics, which include more such as the socialism, cooperatives, self-sufficiency, anti-consumption as well among others, are associated with political success (Cohen 359). As much as the unions had self-centered interests of power, they contributed substantially to ensuring that consumers were provided with safe and quality products. Thus, children could no longer be fed on low nutrition foods or play with poor quality toys. There was more integrity in the labor market as well as with the processing of genuine products. Transparency was enhanced which could be seen in the truth in labeling and packaging (Cohen 352). The obvious tenacity that was profoundly