Sunday, December 29, 2019
What Causes Negative Body Image Weight Issues Free Essay Example, 2750 words
Between the male and female population, most of the individuals who have developed an eating disorder are those who belong to ages 12 to 25. In fact, anorexia is considered to be the third most common chronic illness among the young adolescents. It is believed that the teenage years is the time of their lives wherein they wanted so much to be accepted by the other members of the society. The physical and emotional changes and pressure that these teenagers have to go through affects their overall outlook in life such as a strong desire to look good by being slim and gorgeous even to the extent that they have to lose weight in an unhealthy way. During puberty, it is but normal to gain body fat as part of their physiological development. However, some girls do not understand the human body developmental stage. Therefore, they tend to respond to it by going through excessive exercise and strict dieting. In the end, a huge portion of the teenage population develops the eating disorder ha bits. Going back to the psychological effects of advertisers using the images of the women celebrities with slim bodies, we could trace that the media greatly affects the mentality and the general perception of the teenage population when it comes to the perfect physical characteristics among the women. We will write a custom essay sample on What Causes Negative Body Image & Weight Issues or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Gender Differences and the Criminal Justice System
Gender and the Criminal Justice System It would be foolish to assert that gender plays no role in the criminal justice system, just as it would be equally foolish to say that race plays no role in this system either. Covington and Bloom cite the work of Kivel (1992) in reminding all that Where sexism is prevalent, one of the gender dynamics frequently found is that something declared genderless or gender neutral is, in fact, male oriented. The same phenomenon occurs in terms of race in a racist society, where the term race neutral generally means white (2003). The criminal justice system reflects the needs of men and the values of men in a highly patriarchal society; the issue becomes more complicated when some scholars argue that women should fight for equal rights in all areas of life, including the criminal justice system, arguing that while equal treatment might hurt women in the short run, in the long run, its the best policy for women (Covington Bloom, 2003). On the other hand , opposing groups argue that women are inherently different from men and that insisting on equality will always create a situation where women lose out (Covington Bloom, 2003). This debate creates an uncertain situation about how women should be treated in the criminal justice system and whether gender should play a role accounting for differential treatment. The reality is that there should be some differential treatment according to gender when it comes to the criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words à |à 4 Pagessituations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separateRead MoreWomen As Victims And Defendants888 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction This discussion about women as victims and defendants was insightful. There is a lot I did not know when it came to women in the criminal justice system. As a male myself I could not see it from a womenââ¬â¢s point of view. It is funny how a man actually was up there explaining to us what women go through while in the criminal justice system. I think it is really significant when someone advocates for someone, or a group who is not affected by their injustice. Dr. Joseph P. Conti presentationRead MoreSociological Explanations For Gender Differences936 Words à |à 4 PagesOutline and Assess Sociological Explanations for Gender Differences in Crime Rates Current statistics show that men commit 80% of all crime and women commit only 20%. However there are arguments to suggest that the statistics highlight an under representation of female criminality, and there are many sociological arguments to suggest that female criminals are treated more leniently. On the other hand, some sociologists believe women are treated more harshly when they commit certain types of crimeRead MoreResearch Outline, Annotated Bibliography, and Sample Survey: Women in Prisons1365 Words à |à 5 Pagesspouse or partner. The incarceration of women presents far different cultural and sociological issues than those of men issues with children, family, sexual politics and more (NWLC, 2012). The rapid increase of female prisoners in a male-dominated system has left fewer adequate resources available for women. In addition, most research shows that womens prison experiences differ drastically from those of men because their relationships inside and outside prison tend to shape the culture then enterRead MoreRace, Gender, And Age Of Criminal Sentencing : The Punishment Cost Of Being Young, Black,1430 Words à |à 6 Pagessome sort of discrimination or bias. Three physical characteristics are often times the root cause of most discrimination, race, gender, and age. In a research paper titled ââ¬Å"The Interaction of Race, Gender, and Age in Criminal Sentencing: The Punishment Cost of Being Young, Black, and Maleâ⬠three university researchers ask a series of question to determine if race, gender, and age have an effect on judicial sentencing, and how ââ¬Å"these factors might contextualize on anotherâ⬠. The authors look at previousRead MoreGender and Crime Essay946 Words à |à 4 PagesGender and Crime Sex is commonly used to describe the innate biological characteristics of humans constituting their femaleness or maleness. Gender on the other hand, covers the social characteristics and usages associated with one sex or the other. Since such roles and customs can vary and be modified it follows that masculine and feminine the terms applied to the respective gendersRead MoreCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words à |à 6 Pagescriminological theory that does not have any inherent biases based upon gender. The need for this is due to the fact that past criminological theories are inherently sexist and holds old stereotypes of womenââ¬â¢s behaviours such as menstruation being a sign of deviant behaviour (Pollack, 1961). Additionally, This feeds into the gender ratio problem, which examines why it is men are more represented in the criminal justice system (Cordella Siegel: 1996). Feminist criminological theory examines theRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words à |à 5 PagesGender Roles in the Juvenile Justice System What role does gender play at the various stages of the juvenile justice system? Gender plays an enormous role in the juvenile justice system; both boys and girls have their fair share of run-ins with the Juvenile Justice System, but now more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle.Read MoreFemale Offenders : Involvement Within Criminal Justice System Essay1603 Words à |à 7 Pagesãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Bryan Santigo ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Crimnal Investigation ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Dr.Ray ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬12-3-16 ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬ ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Female Offenders: Involvement within Criminal Justice System ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬ ãâ¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Ã£â¬â¬Fines are preferable to imprisonment and other types of punishment because they are more efficient. With a fine, the punishment to offenders is also revenue to the State. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, females are account for 14 percent of the violent crimes. The growing rate of females incarceration calls for a critical evaluation of socialRead MoreReactions and Reflections to Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice1060 Words à |à 4 PagesReactions and Reflections on Readings in Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice Introduction No serious-minded individual over the age of twelve actually thinks that justice and ethical issues involved in criminality are purely black-and-white or clear-cut issues of good and bad. The first chapters of Cyndi Banks (2008) Criminal Justice Ethics, however, make it clear that the issues of right and wrong in the criminal justice system are far more complex, specific, and subtle than
Friday, December 13, 2019
Assignment for Distribution Channel Free Essays
Assignment for the next class. ( P. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment for Distribution Channel or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are required to split yourselves in group of 6to 8 members each, the details of which shall be collected in class. Students would be called out randomly from each group to present their analysis. In case of a dismal performance of any group member, the marks of the whole group will be at stake! ) 1. The marketing channel for Mary Kay Cosmetics is called a ââ¬Å"direct sellingâ⬠channel. The company uses a sales force of over 1,000,000 Independent Beauty Consultants around the world. These Consultants are not employees of Mary Kay Corporation; they buy cosmetics from the company at a wholesale price and sell at a retail price to end-users. They maintain personal relationships with their end-user consumers, and deliver product to them after it is ordered; it is a high-service purchasing relationship from the consumerââ¬â¢s point of view. Consultants thus act as both distributors and retailers. a. To what extent does an Independent Beauty Consultant participate in the eight universal marketing flows? . How might these flows be shifted, either among the members now in the channel or to different agencies or institutions not presently included? What do you think would be the implications of such shifts? (think about how cosmetics are sold through department stores or through drugstore chains, for example) c. Within each of these distribution systems, specify what the consumerââ¬â¢s role is from a flow-absorption perspective. Contrast this with the consumerââ¬â¢s role when buying cosmetics from a department store, or a drugstore chain. 2. For each of the three scenarios below, categorize the demand for bulk- breaking, spatial convenience, waiting/delivery time, and assortment/variety as ââ¬Å"High,â⬠ââ¬Å"Medium,â⬠or ââ¬Å"Low. â⬠In each case, explain your answers. a. A woman in an emerging-market country of Southeast Asia wishes to buy some cosmetics for herself. She has never done so before, and is not entirely sure of on what occasions she will wear the cosmetics. She does not live near a big city. She is too poor to own a car, but has a bit of extra money for a small luxury. b. A manufacturer uses a particular industrial chemical in one of its large-scale production processes and needs to buy more of this chemical. The rest of the raw materials for its plant operations are delivered in a ââ¬Å"just in timeâ⬠fashion. c. Before you visit certain parts of the world, you are required to get a yellow fever vaccine. Many travelers let this slip until the last minute, forgetting that it is advisable (or avoiding an unpleasant shot as long as possible). But, they definitely realize they need the shot, and donââ¬â¢t want to have to cancel their trip at the last minute because they didnââ¬â¢t get it. They often find themselves making a long trip to a regional medical center because they didnââ¬â¢t plan ahead. How to cite Assignment for Distribution Channel, Papers
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Music Genre Classification Using Ga
Music Genre Classification Using Ga-Induced Minimal Essay In addition to an enhanced performance, our model can also reduce the computational load for ill-formed sets and has the flexibility to incorporate trade-offs between efficiency and computational load. We finally demonstrate that the modified GA is capable of bringing about an 80% reduction in the feature space dimension at similar classification rates. Index Terms?Genetic Algorithms, Feature-set Reduction, SAVE, ann. Classifier, Genre Classification Music genre is frequently used as the query of choice while browsing through the music databases over the Internet. While research into acquiring suitable features and classifiers for genre classification is abundant(, , , ), works involving selection of relevant feature-sets particular to the task at hand are sparse at best. Some examples of such work would be , , where techniques of PICA, OFFS and BBS have been used effectively. In our work, we investigate the possibility of a relevant and minimal feature-set-selection with the help of Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAS have been used before by and to efficiently classify music genres. We will write a custom essay on Music Genre Classification Using Ga-Induced Minimal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now While has shown pretty impressive results (a 90% lactations rate) using GA, 109 musical features and a hierarchical classifier, has been able to get almost 60% classification rate with GA, a set of classifiers like ann., SAVE and a feature set of 30 features. These works, though impressive, aim only for an optimal feature-set devoid of noisy features(which tend to misclassifying samples). Furthermore, they use a primitive GA fitness function, biz. The hit-rate, for the best feature-set selection, which might converge to a local minima instead of a global one . In this work, we not only find the optimal features from a set of given features for given classification problem, but we also minimize the number of features required for the task. Using a modified fitness function, that also eliminates the local-minima problem of the standard hit-rate one, we bring about a more than 80% reduction in the original feature set, and a 50% reduction in the feature-set derived from the original feature-set by the hit-rate-only fitness function. To reiterate, we havent proposed a new method for classification, or a new method for feature generation. We assume that the feature set and the classifier are defined by Music Genre Classification Using Ga-launched Minimal Feature-Set By rampant feature reduction techniques have already been employed to reduce the original feature-set, can we further reduce the number of features with minimal loss in performance? thighs the question we are going to handle in this paper. The paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we give a brief description of the established GA and feature selection methods in literature, and propose our modification. Then in Section Ill, we describe the dataset, the feature-set and classifiers we are using for the experiment. Then in Section V, we discuss the findings of our test and validate our claims. Then we conclude our discussion in Section V. II. P REPOSED M DEL Given a set of possible features and a classifier for a classification task, our objective is to derive an optimal features devoid of noisy features with an aim of minimizing its cardinality. Using GAS to derive near-optimal feature-subsets was brought to light by , and was further investigated in , . In the present work, extending and , we propose a modified GA to derive a near-optimal-UCM-minimal featureless for music genre classification. GAS emulate human evolutionary characteristics, and follow the survival-of-the-fittest paradigm. In an personalized model of GA, we have a population of chromosomes (essentially a bit string), which are assigned fitness values (their relative worth) based on the task at hand. Fit individuals/chromosomes mate with each other, and that is simulated by crossover, in which they exchange parts of their chromosome. .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .postImageUrl , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:visited , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:active { border:0!important; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:active , .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17b01f798ef07d0bb8b4b702e0d3702e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Services Marketing: CRM and the Music Industry EssayTo account for sudden characteristic changes in some individuals of a population, mutation is simulated through bit flipping random parts of the chromosome. The fit individuals are selected room a population using some selection rule and the next generation consists of these fit individuals whereas unfit ones are discarded. With this approach, the GA claims that at the end of hundreds of generations, only the best chromosomes for the task at hand will remain, and that is the assumption based on which best features are selected. The crossover rate, mutation rate, selection rule, fitness function etc. Are determined by the problem at hand. For an n-dimensional feature space, we choose n-bit chromosomes. Following , a bit-value of 1 means that the feature-dimension is considered for classification, and value of O means that the feature is eliminated from consideration. 1 The traditional fitness-function is the hit-rate (HER), I. E. The fraction of train-set samples that were correctly classified using the selected features. But such a fitness function has a tendency to converge to a local minima, and it also disregards the objective of creating the maximum separation between the classes under consideration. So, following , we use the following fitness function: F tiniest = HER + y(CD/p) where CD is the class distance, p is the total number of samples, and y is a scaling constant. The class distance is defined as follows, p p Ill. E EXPERIMENT A. Feature Set We used audio features described in . Each music file is represented in a 74-dimensional feature space.
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